Bohemia

The word rests on a mistake about where Romani people came from.

French bohemien meant a Romani person, because the French believed the Roma had arrived from Bohemia. They had in fact come from northern India. Parisians then applied the label to poor artists and writers thought to live the same way, and Henri Murger's Scenes de la vie de boheme fixed the sense in 1851, later becoming Puccini's La Boheme.